fbpx

Blaž Rodič – Faculty of Information Studies, Ljubljanska cesta 31a, SI-8000 Novo Mesto, Slovenia

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/ITEMA.2020.231

 

4th International Scientific Conference on Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture – ITEMA 2020, Online/virtual, October 8, 2020, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS published by the Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade; Printed by: SKRIPTA International, Belgrade, ISBN 978-86-80194-36-3, ISSN 2683-5991, DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/ITEMA.2020

 

 

Abstract

Misinformation spread by individuals sharing fake news can cause problems in social, economic and democratic systems. The World Economic Forum considers the viral spread of misinformation online to be one of the main threats to our society. While the reasons why people spread misinformation likely haven’t changed in the last millennia, the rise of Internet powered social networks has allowed news to spread rapidly among millions of users, and gave rise to new phenomena such as echo chambers. The question we ask in this paper is whether we can model the dissemination of fake news and the emerging phenomena using relatively simple rules in an agent-based model. We present the current state of research in the field of fake news, the agent-based modelling methodology, and the current state of our model development.

 

Keywords

Fake news, Disinformation, Cognitive bias, Emergent phenomena, Social networks, Agent-based modelling, Social psychology.

 

References

Barabási, A. L., & Bonabeau, E. (2003). Scale-free networks. Scientific American, 288(5), 60–69. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0503-60
Bovet, A., & Makse, H. A. (2019). Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election. Nature Communications, 10(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07761-2
Collins, A. M., & Quillian, M. R. (1969). Retrieval time from semantic memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8(2), 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(69)80069-1
Conte, R., & Paolucci, M. (2014). On agent-based modeling and computational social science. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(JUL), 668. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00668
Eberlen, J., Scholz, G., & Gagliolo, M. (2017). Simulate this! An Introduction to Agent-Based Models and their Power to Improve your Research Practice. International Review of Social Psychology, 30(1), 149. https://doi.org/10.5334/irsp.115
Gilead, M., Sela, M., & Maril, A. (2018, April 4). That’s My Truth: Evidence for Involuntary Opinion Confirmation. Social Psychological and Personality Science, p. 194855061876230. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550618762300
Gorrell, G., Bakir, M. E., Roberts, I., Greenwood, M. A., Iavarone, B., & Bontcheva, K. (2019). Partisanship, Propaganda and Post-Truth Politics: Quantifying Impact in Online Debate. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330898845_Partisanship_Propaganda_and_Post-Truth_Politics_Quantifying_Impact_in_Online
Goyanes, M., & Lavin, A. (2018). The Sociology of Fake News. Factors affecting the probability of sharing political fake news online. In Media and Communications. https://doi.org/10.2307/3331474
Guess, A., Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2018). Selective Exposure to Misinformation: Evidence from the consumption of fake news during the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign. Retrieved from http://www.dartmouth.edu/~nyhan/fake-news-2016.pdf
Gunther, R., Nisbet, E. C., & Beck, P. (2018). Trump may owe his 2016 victory to ‘ fake news ,’ new study suggests. Retrieved November 10, 2020, from The Conversation website: https://theconversation.com/trump-may-owe-his-2016-victory-to-fake-news-new-study-suggests-91538
Hartley, K., & Vu, M. K. (2020). Fighting fake news in the COVID-19 era: policy insights from an equilibrium model. Policy Sciences, 53(4), 735–758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-020-09405-z
Himma-Kadakas, M. (2017). Alternative facts and fake news entering journalistic content production cycle. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 25. https://doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v9i2.5469
Linvill, D. L., & Warren, P. L. (2018). Troll Factories: The Internet Research Agency and State-Sponsored Agenda Building. Retrieved from https://www.rcmediafreedom.eu/Publications/Academic-sources/Troll-Factories-The-Internet-Research-Agency-and-State-Sponsored-Agenda-Building
Marianna Spring and Lucy Webster. (2019). European elections: How disinformation spread in Facebook groups. BBC NEWS. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-48356351
Orso, D., Federici, N., Copetti, R., Vetrugno, L., & Bove, T. (2020). Infodemic and the spread of fake news in the COVID-19-era. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, pp. 327–328. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000713
Paraguassu, L. (2020). Brazil finalizing bill to target financiers of “fake news” attacks. Retrieved November 11, 2020, from Reuters website: https://in.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-maia/brazil-finalizing-bill-to-target-financiers-of-fake-news-attacks-idUSKBN25Z2G5
Pelly, S. (2017). How fake news becomes a popular, trending topic – CBS News. Retrieved January 23, 2019, from CBS News website: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-fake-news-find-your-social-media-feeds/
Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2017). Who falls for fake news? The roles of bullshit receptivity, overclaiming, familiarity, and analytic thinking. In SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3023545
Poynter Institute. (2018). Fake news and fact-checking websites both reach about a quarter of the population – but not the same quarter. Retrieved March 10, 2018, from https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking-research-database/fake-news-and-fact-checking-websites-both-reach-about-quarter
Shao, C., Ciampaglia, G. L., Varol, O., Yang, K., Flammini, A., & Menczer, F. (2017). The spread of fake news by social bots. Undefined, 1–16. https://doi.org/1707.07592
Silverman, C., & Alexander, L. (2016). How Teens In The Balkans Are Duping Trump Supporters With Fake News. Retrieved January 23, 2019, from Buzzfeed News website: https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/how-macedonia-became-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo
Smaldino, P. E., Calanchini, J., & Pickett, C. L. (2015). Theory development with agent-based models. Organizational Psychology Review, 5(4), 300–317. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386614546944
Smith, E. R., & Conrey, F. R. (2007). Agent-based modeling: A new approach for theory building in social psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(1), 87–104. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868306294789
Tait, A. (2017, February 11). Fake news is a problem for the left, too. New Statesman. Retrieved from https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/media/2017/02/fake-news-problem-left-too
Tedeneke, A. (2018). Fake News Poses a Threat to Democracies across Latin America and Worldwide > Press releases | World Economic Forum. Retrieved January 23, 2019, from World Economic Forum website: https://www.weforum.org/press/2018/03/fake-news-poses-a-threat-to-democracies-across-latin-america-and-worldwide/
Törnberg, P. (2018). Echo chambers and viral misinformation: Modeling fake news as complex contagion. PLoS ONE, 13(9), e0203958. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203958
Trevisani, P., & Seetharaman, D. (2018). In Brazil Vote, Misinformation Spreads on Social Media Despite Efforts to Stop It. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-brazil-vote-fake-news-spreads-on-social-media-despite-efforts-to-stop-it-1540566295
Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., & Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. Science, 359(6380), 1146–1151. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9559
Waldherr, A., & Wijermans, N. (2013). Communicating social simulation models to sceptical minds. JASSS, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.2247
Yang, J., & Leskovec, J. (2010). Modeling information diffusion in implicit networks. Proceedings – IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, ICDM, 599–608. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2010.22

Zollo, F., Novak, P. K., Del Vicario, M., Bessi, A., Mozetič, I., Scala, A., … Preis, T. (2015). Emotional dynamics in the age of misinformation. PLoS ONE, 10(9), e0138740. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138740

 

Download Full Paper

Connect with us

Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans – UdEkoM Balkan
179 Ustanicka St, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

https://www.udekom.org.rs/home

Udekom Balkans is a dynamic non-governmental and non-profit organization, established in 2014 with a mission to foster the growth of scientific knowledge within the Balkan region and beyond. Our primary objectives include advancing the fields of management and economics, as well as providing educational resources to our members and the wider public.

Who We Are: Our members include esteemed university professors from various scientific disciplines, postgraduate students, and experts from ministries, public administrations, private and public enterprises, multinational corporations, associations, and similar organizations.

Building Bridges Together: Over the course of ten years since our establishment, the Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans has established impactful partnerships with more than 1,000 diverse institutions across the Balkans region and worldwide.

ITEMA conference publications are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.